Precision Viticulture
(book excerpts)Precision viticulture (PV), also known as site-specific crop management (SSCM), is an integrated information- and production-based system designed to increase long-term, site-specific, and whole-vineyard production efficiency, productivity, and profitability while minimizing unintended environmental impacts. Vineyards are typically managed uniformly, although known spatial variation exists in the performance of grapevines within and across vineyard blocks due to differences in topography, soil properties, plant health and vigor, microclimate, and management practices. Precision viticulture is a promising management tool that can enable the development of an agricultural system to manage vineyards, accounting for this variability effectively. The technological tools often used in precision viticulture include artificial intelligence, wireless sensor networks (WSN), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), remote sensing (e.g., satellite, airborne, or drone-UAVs), soil and plant proximal (ground) sensing, variable rate application (VRA), guidance and steering systems, robots and automation, digital image analysis, and geographical information systems (GIS). The availability of a suite of technologies enables grape growers and winemakers to move away from the “one-size-fits-all” approach. Instead, management may be targeted within vineyards according to variation in their inherent characteristics and particular goals in terms of grape yield and quality.
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Topics Within This Chapter:
- Advantages and Limitations of Precision Viticulture
- Advantages of Precision Viticulture
- Limitations of Precision Viticulture
- Artificial Intelligence
- Machine Learning
- Machine Vision
- Robotics
- Expert Systems
- Natural Language Processing
- NLP Chatbots
- Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Viticulture
- Wireless Sensor Networks
- WSN Protocols
- Applications of WSNs in Precision Viticulture
- Global Navigation Satellite System
- Global Positioning System
- Correction Techniques for GPS Errors
- Applications of GNSS in Precision Viticulture
- Remote Sensing
- Sensors
- RGB Sensors
- Multispectral Sensors
- Hyperspectral Sensors
- Thermal Infrared Sensors
- LiDAR Sensors
- Remote Sensing Platforms
- Satellite Remote Sensing
- Manned Aircraft Remote Sensing
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Sensing
- Applications of Remote Sensing in Precision Viticulture
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- UAV Platforms
- Fixed-Wing UAVs
- Multi-Rotor UAVs
- Vertical Take-Off and Landing UAVs
- Federal Aviation Administration’s Regulations for Drones
- Drone Swarms
- Applications of UAVs in Precision Viticulture
- Ground-Based Sensing
- Ground-Based Soil Sensing
- Technologies Used for Ground-Based Soil Sensing
- Applications of Ground-Based Soil Monitoring in Precision Viticulture
- Ground-Based Grapevine Sensing
- Technologies Used for Ground-Based Grapevine Sensing
- Applications of Ground-Based Grapevine Monitoring in Precision Viticulture
- Spectral Reflectance of Grapevines and Soils
- Spectral Reflectance of Grapevines
- Vegetation Indices
- Spectral Reflectance of Soils
- Soil Indices
- Variable-Rate Technology
- Variable-Rate Application Technologies
- Map-Based Variable-Rate Application
- Sensor-Based Variable-Rate Applications
- Applications of Variable Rate Technologies in Precision viticulture
- Guidance and Steering Systems
- Applications of Guidance and Steering Systems in Precision Viticulture
- Robots
- Applications of Robots in Precision Viticulture
- Digital Image Processing
- Digital Image Processing Methods
- Applications of Digital Image Processing in Precision Viticulture
- Geographical Information System
- GIS Methods
- Applications of GIS in Precision Viticulture
