Managing Nematodes in Vineyards
(book excerpts)Nematodes are microscopic, unsegmented roundworms present in most soils that feed on vine roots. Nematodes are a significant economic problem in nearly every major grape production region worldwide. Plant-parasitic nematodes can cause direct and indirect damage to a vine. Nematode feeding can cause direct damage by inhibiting root elongation, killing plant tissue, altering root growth patterns, and depleting plant nutrients. Their feeding patterns fall into two categories: some feed externally on roots (ectoparasitic nematodes), while some penetrate roots and feed internally (endoparasitic nematodes). Indirectly, plant-parasitic nematodes can damage plants by vectoring viruses or by increasing the severity of other plant diseases, such as Pythium, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, and Phytophthora. Nematodes, like other pests, take advantage of vines that are under stress due to management practices and/or other biological pressures.
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Topics Within This Chapter:
- Nematode Species
- Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.)
- Dagger Nematode (Xiphinema spp.)
- Root Lesion Nematode (Pratylenchus spp.)
- Ring Nematode (Mesocriconema xenoplax)
- Citrus Nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)
- Monitoring Nematodes in the Vineyard
- Prior to Establishment
- Established Vineyards
- Controlling Nematodes in the Vineyard
- Pre-Plant Control
- Resistant Rootstocks
- Soil Management
- Soil Fumigation
- Soil Solarization
- Post-Plant Control
- Soil Water Management
- Sanitation
- Chemical Pest Control
- Biological Pest Control
- Cover Crops
